Ovarian Cancer Symptoms

Ovarian cancer occurs when cells on, within or near your ovaries grow out of control. Cells quickly multiply, invading and destroying healthy tissue. Eventually, these abnormal cells may form a tumor. If untreated, ovarian cancer can progress from early to advanced stages within one year. 

About 20% of ovarian cancers are detected at an early stage. Early detection of ovarian cancer allows for timely intervention and treatment, which can significantly improve patient outcomes. When detected early at a localized stage (before cancer has spread), about 94% of patients live longer than five years after diagnosis. 

If you experience any symptoms of ovarian cancer, your physician may perform a pelvic exam, blood test, imaging scan or biopsy to confirm a diagnosis. If you are diagnosed, your team will determine the specific type and stage of the cancer and develop a treatment plan. 

Recognizing Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer rarely causes noticeable symptoms in its earliest stages. As the disease progresses, there may be symptoms. Most symptoms of ovarian cancer are general and can easily be mistaken for other common conditions such as gas, indigestion, acid reflux, menstrual cramps or gallstones. 

See your doctor if you experience any new, persistent or unexplained symptoms such as: 

• Abdominal bloating or swelling 
• Bowel changes, such as constipation or diarrhea 
• Fluid retention in your feet, ankles or lower legs 
• Frequent, abnormal need to urinate 
• Menstrual changes, such as abnormal vaginal discharge, heavier than usual menstruation or bleeding after menopause 
• Nausea, indigestion or gas 
• Pain during sex 
• Pelvic discomfort or pain 
• Persistent, unexplained fatigue 
• Trouble eating, or feeling full more quickly than usual 
• Unexplained weight loss (more than 5% of your body weight lost within 6 to 12 months without diet or exercise changes) 

Any of these symptoms may instead be caused by something other than cancer. The only way to know for sure what is causing a particular symptom is to see your physician. 

Monitor Your Symptoms at Home

Ovarian cancer can be aggressive. It is important to stay vigilant about any ongoing, recurring or worsening symptoms. Consulting your physician when symptoms begin or worsen can lead to an earlier diagnosis and better outcomes. 

Keep a record of your symptoms, how often they occur and if they are getting better or worse with time. If something feels “off” or a change from your normal experience, schedule an appointment with your health care provider as soon as possible.