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Our gynecologic oncology specialists at Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center use a team-based approach to screen, diagnose and treat ovarian cancer. Our ovarian cancer research, clinical methods and advanced technologies provide precision results, equipping your health care team to create personalized treatment plans tailored to your specific type of ovarian cancer and unique lifestyle needs. We are here for you every step of the way — from prevention, screening and diagnosis all the way through treatment and recovery.

Ovarian Cancer Symptoms

Ovarian cancer rarely causes noticeable symptoms in its earliest stages. In addition, most symptoms of ovarian cancer are general and can easily be mistaken for other common conditions such as gas, indigestion, acid reflux, menstrual cramps or gallstones. 

Unfortunately, ovarian cancer can be aggressive. See your doctor if you experience any new, persistent or unexplained symptoms such as: 

  • Frequent, abnormal need to urinate 
  • Menstrual changes, such as abnormal vaginal discharge, heavier than usual menstruation or bleeding after menopause 
  • Pelvic discomfort or pain

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Types of Ovarian Cancer

There are three types of ovarian cancer, distinguished by where the cancer begins:

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common, accounting for the majority of ovarian cancers. It begins in the tissue covering the outside of the ovaries. 

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) occurs most frequently and typically spreads before it is detected. Less common types of epithelial ovarian cancers include: endometroid carcinoma, low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC), mucinous carcinoma, ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary. 

Stromal Ovarian Cancer

Sex-cord stromal ovarian cancer begins in the ovarian tissue that contains hormone-producing cells. Malignant stromal ovarian tumors are rare. 

The main types of stromal tumors are granulosa cell tumors (adult granulosa or juvenile granulosa), granulosa-theca tumors and Sertoli-Leydig tumors. 

Germ Cell Ovarian Cancer

Germ cell ovarian cancer begins in the egg-producing cells. Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) typically occur in teenage girls or young women. Malignant germ cell tumors are rare. 

The main types of OGCTs include dysgerminomas, yolk sac tumor, teratoma and choriocarcinoma.

Why Choose Houston Methodist for Ovarian Cancer Care

Our multidisciplinary team of experts provides innovative care, delivered with compassion. Oncology nurse navigators guide you through every stage of ovarian cancer care — from diagnosis through treatment and recovery.
Personalized Diagnostics & Treatment Plans
Cutting-Edge Research & Innovative Technology
Personalized Diagnostics & Treatment Plans

Treating your individual cancer — so you can get back to your life

Pathologists, gynecologic oncologists and other specialists work together to develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs. We use advanced diagnostics and treatment options — including molecular testing, immunotherapy and stem cell transplant — to treat your cancer as quickly and safely as possible. 
Cutting-Edge Research & Innovative Technology

Groundbreaking research and clinical trials lead to new treatment options for your cancer

Our pioneering research and our many clinical trials result in new therapies developed to cure cancer. Houston Methodist patients may access clinical trials offering potentially promising treatments not available to the public. 

Nationally Ranked for Cancer Treatment


Houston Methodist Hospital is nationally ranked by U.S. News & World Report for cancer. In addition, we are considered high performing by U.S. News & World Report for ovarian cancer and uterine cancer.

 

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Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis

Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis

There are no widely recommended screening tests to detect ovarian cancer before symptoms occur. 

If you experience symptoms of ovarian cancer, your doctor may perform one or more diagnostic tests to confirm a diagnosis and determine the specific type and stage of the cancer. Common diagnostic tests include a pelvic exam, blood test, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, biopsy and more.
How ovarian cancer is diagnosed

Comprehensive Ovarian Cancer Treatments

If you receive an ovarian cancer diagnosis, your oncology care team will tailor your specific treatment plan to the unique characteristics of your type and stage of ovarian cancer. We also consider your individual needs and lifestyle. 

Our goal is to provide effective treatments while preserving healthy tissue and cells. Your care team may use one or more methods to treat and manage your cancer. 

doctors in surgical wear with masks and bonnets
Surgery

Surgery is the primary treatment for most ovarian cancers. The goal of this surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible. 

For early-stage ovarian cancer, minimally invasive surgical techniques can sometimes be used, as well as fertility-sparing procedures in some cases. In later stages, major surgery such as a laparotomy may be needed, which is an open surgery requiring an abdominal incision. 

patient sitting in a chair receiving chemotherapy treatment
Chemotherapy

With ovarian cancer, chemotherapy is most often used to destroy any cancer cells that may remain after surgery. In some cases, chemotherapy may be given before surgery to help shrink the tumor and make it easier to remove. 

Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells by killing them or halting cell division and growth. 

patient receiving radiation therapy
Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing in a targeted, specific area. Radiation works by targeting abnormal cells, damaging their DNA so they are unable to reproduce. 

Radiation therapy is seldom used in the initial treatment of ovarian cancer. It may be used to relieve pain and other problems caused by advanced disease. 

More about ovarian cancer treatments

Houston Methodist Ovarian Cancer Specialists

At Houston Methodist Cancer Center, our experienced team of ovarian cancer specialists, including medical, surgical and radiation oncologists, nurses, nurse navigators and support staff, is dedicated to stopping your cancer. We provide advanced cancer care at eight locations across the Greater Houston area, allowing you or your loved one to receive treatment close to home or work. 

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    Ovarian Cancer Education & Awareness

    We recognize that the sheer volume of breast cancer information out there can be overwhelming, so we have streamlined it below to make it easier for you to digest as well as to make sure you understand what you absolutely need to know.
    • Ovarian Cancer Information
    • Four Stages of Ovarian Cancer
    • Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors
    • Ovarian Cancer Information

      Ovarian Cancer Information

      Ovarian cancer is relatively rare compared to other cancers. It is the 18th most common cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated 19,680 new cases of ovarian cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2024. 

      According to the National Cancer Institute, ovarian cancer accounts for 1% of all new cancer diagnoses and 2% of all cancer deaths. 
    • Four Stages of Ovarian Cancer

      The Four Stages of Ovarian Cancer 

      Our advanced testing methods and technologies offer precise cancer staging. The four stages of ovarian cancer include: 

       

      Stage 1 – Cancer is detected in one or both ovaries, or in fallopian tubes. It has not yet spread.
      Stage 2 – Cancer is detected in one/both ovaries and nearby pelvic tissues, but not lymph nodes. 
      Stage 3 – Cancer has spread to the abdominal cavity outside of the pelvis or into lymph nodes.
      Stage 4 – Cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs, liver or spleen.

       

      The stage your doctor assigns depends on the symptoms you are experiencing and the rate of metastasis (the spread of cancer cells from where they first formed in your body). 

    • Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors

      Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors

      A risk factor is anything that increases your odds of developing ovarian cancer, including genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. It is important to be aware of your individual risk factors. 

      While the exact cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, there are certain things that can make you more at risk for developing this condition. Common risk factors include age, genetic mutations (BRCA1 or BRCA2), family history, starting menstruation early, beginning menopause late, endometriosis and more. 

      Learn more about ovarian cancer risk factors >

    Ovarian Cancer Frequently Asked Questions

    How common is ovarian cancer?

    Ovarian cancer is relatively rare compared to other cancers. It is the 18th most common cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated 19,680 new cases of ovarian cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2024. 

    According to the National Cancer Institute, ovarian cancer accounts for 1% of all new cancer diagnoses and 2% of all cancer deaths. 

    Is ovarian cancer curable?

    Yes, ovarian cancer can be curable, depending on the type and how soon you receive treatment. Early diagnosis can improve your treatment options and outcomes. 

    Survival rates vary, depending on your overall health, age and response to treatment. According to the National Cancer Institute, the five-year relative survival rate (percentage of people alive five years after diagnosis) is 51%. 

    Can a Pap test detect ovarian cancer?

    No. While a Pap test screens for cervical cancer, it cannot reliably detect ovarian cancer. Currently there are no standard or early screening tests available for ovarian cancer.

    How can I reduce my risk of developing ovarian cancer?

    While you cannot change certain risk factors such as age, genetics or family history, you can reduce risk by avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, getting regular exercise and eating a balanced diet. 

    An important part of cancer prevention includes getting regular care. Work with your primary care provider (PCP) for your annual checkups, immunizations and screenings. In addition, attend an annual well-woman exam with your OB-GYN. 

    Ovarian cancer can be aggressive. It is important to stay vigilant about any ongoing, recurring or worsening symptoms. Regular self-monitoring and consulting your physician when symptoms begin or worsen can lead to an earlier diagnosis and better outcomes. 

    Is ovarian cancer contagious?

    No, ovarian cancer is not contagious. You cannot “catch” epithelial, stromal or germ cell tumors from someone else, nor can you pass the cancer on to someone else.