Overcoming Trigger Digit (Trigger Finger) Pain and Stiffness

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Trigger digit, also known as trigger finger or trigger thumb, can have a significant impact on the function of your hand. Symptoms may include pain, stiffness and a sensation of “locking” in the fingers or thumb. This disability affects many people, for many reasons. However, it’s most likely to affect those who are engaged in repetitive hand motions. 

If you’re suffering from the pain and stiffness associated with trigger digit, the arm, wrist, hand and elbow specialists at Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine are here to help. Contact us today to schedule an appointment with a fellowship-trained orthopedic physician in Houston. 

Unlocking the Mystery of Trigger Digit

Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) happens when inflammation causes the tunnel around the tendon in your finger, also known as the tendon sheath, to thicken. In certain cases, this can lead to a small bump or nodule on the tendon’s surface. 

 

This condition can cause your thumb or finger to catch or lock when it’s bent. Some of the most commonly affected fingers include the ring finger, middle finger and thumb. That’s because the flexing mechanisms in these digits are most susceptible to irritation from swollen tendons or nodule formations. However, it can affect any digit. 

Signs and Symptoms of Trigger Digit

The symptoms of trigger finger can range from mild to severe. Some of the most typical symptoms associated with this diagnosis include:

 

  • A bump or nodule at the base of the affected finger on the palm side
  • A digit locked in a bent position
  • A finger or thumb locking in a bent position and then suddenly popping straight
  • Noticeable stiffness in the finger or thumb, particularly in the morning
  • Pain when bending or straightening the affected digit
  • Popping or clicking sensation when you move your finger

Usually, this feeling of being locked up occurs when the tendon in your finger doesn't move smoothly. If it's not treated, a small bump might form, making it even harder for the tendon to move properly.

Symptoms are typically more noticeable in the morning or after long periods of inactivity, but may ease with movement as the day progresses. If you don’t seek treatment for this hand condition, it could lead to further injury and significant stiffness which can become permanent severely impacting the function of your hand.

How Trigger Digit Is Diagnosed

The signs and symptoms of trigger finger are unique and easy to recognize (if they are severe). However, a proper diagnosis requires an examination by an orthopedic specialist to ensure your symptoms aren’t caused by another condition, like Dupuytren's contracture, carpal tunnel syndrome or arthritis. Depending on the severity and complications of your symptoms, this may require imaging tests like an MRI or X-ray.

 

During your examination, your physician may ask you to flex or extend the digit to observe how well the tendon moves and check for any signs of locking or catching. He or she will also feel for any bumps and soreness around the tendon in the palm of your hand and look for swelling at the base of the affected finger or thumb.

Risk Factors for Trigger Digit

If you have a job, hobby or favorite sporting activity that requires repetitive gripping action, you’re at higher risk for trigger finger. This can include musicians (i.e., pianists, drummers, guitarists, etc.), factory workers, gardeners and other similar professions. Moreover, those with certain medical conditions, like people who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis or diabetic patients, are at higher risk. 

 

Trigger digit can affect anyone, but certain factors increase the likelihood of developing this condition. Understanding these risk factors is absolutely crucial for prevention and early intervention:

  • Age and gender
  • Anatomical variations
  • Health conditions
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Prior hand injuries
  • Repetitive hand use

It’s not always possible to avoid trigger digit. However, there are some preventive measures you can take to reduce the likelihood of developing it. These can include taking regular breaks from repetitive activities involving the hand, making ergonomic adjustments, and regularly exercising your hand to maintain flexion (or bending) of the fingers and limit pain. 

Treatment Options for Trigger Digit

Proper diagnosis is important as it confirms the presence of trigger digit and rules out other potential causes of the symptoms. Depending on your medical history and the severity of the symptoms, the orthopedic specialists at Houston Methodist may recommend:

 

  • Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These can be helpful for temporarily reducing pain and inflammation. 
  • Physical therapy: PT may be recommended in lieu of other interventions or in tandem with them. Our world-class hand or occupational therapists develop customized treatment plans to reduce pain, increase mobility and help prevent further complications. 
  • Splinting: This is often the first-line treatment to keep the finger in a neutral position, reducing strain.
  • Steroid injections: Corticosteroid injections may be recommended to reduce inflammation within the tendon sheath.
  • Surgery: This can include surgical interventions like trigger finger pulley release, or percutaneous release.  

Why Choose Houston Methodist for Trigger Digit Care

The orthopedic specialists at Houston Methodist treat every case individually and comprehensively. From physical therapy and splinting to surgical options, we’re here to accurately diagnose your condition, develop an individualized treatment plan and guide you through the recovery and rehabilitation process. 

 

Schedule an appointment or visit one of our Orthopedic Injury Clinics to start your road to recovery today. 

FAQs About Trigger Digit

What does trigger digit look like?

As the name suggests, trigger digit results in your finger or thumb being locked in a bent position or painfully snapping when it's extended. It’s generally more noticeable when your finger suddenly and involuntarily pops straight when you’re attempting to bend it, or remains locked when you try to extend it.

What actions should I take at the first sign of trigger digit?

If you suspect you have trigger finger or trigger thumb, a few early actions you can take (before seeing your physician) may include resting your hand or applying ice or heat to reduce inflammation. In more serious cases, immobilizing your finger with a splint until you see a doctor may be advisable. Generally, the earlier you consult with a health care provider at Houston Methodist, the more likely you are to prevent progression and reduce pain.

Can trigger digit recur after treatment? If so, how can I prevent it?

Yes, you can be diagnosed with trigger finger again, even after you’ve been treated for it. That’s especially true if you have underlying conditions or continue to engage in repetitive gripping motions. You can limit the likelihood of recurrence by making certain lifestyle adjustments and following your physical therapist's recommendations.

How effective are non-surgical treatments for trigger digit?

Non-surgical treatments like splinting, NSAIDs, steroid injections and hand or occupational therapy can be highly effective for mild and moderate cases.

When is surgery considered for trigger digit?

Your doctor may recommend surgery if other more conservative treatments don’t effectively relieve your pain or if your finger remains locked in the flexed position despite other interventions.

Can trigger digit affect multiple fingers at once? If so, how is it treated?

It is possible to have trigger digit on multiple fingers simultaneously. In cases like this, your physician may recommend splinting, injections, physical therapy and surgery for particularly severe cases.

Is trigger digit care covered by insurance?

Most insurance plans cover the treatment of trigger digit. This includes diagnostic tests, non-surgical treatments and surgery. However, coverage can vary, so patients are advised to consult with their insurance provider or give us a call. Houston Methodist participates with many in-network insurance plans. Learn more about insurance information.